会议
【会议名称】
="International Symposium on Pesticide and Environmental Safety;International Workshop on Crop Protection Chemistry and Regulatory Harmonization"
摘要 :
Pesticides are used throughout the world to protect agricultural crops and safeguard public health, but few national authorities have the capacity to routinely evaluate the potential ecological risk of using a new pesticidal p...
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Pesticides are used throughout the world to protect agricultural crops and safeguard public health, but few national authorities have the capacity to routinely evaluate the potential ecological risk of using a new pesticidal product. All countries benefit from having the capability to quickly perform a scientifically-based pesticide risk assessment, and formulate appropriate risk management measures prior to approving use. Harmonization of assessment methods and tools permits sharing of assessment costs among countries, and expands the range of expertise which can be devoted to this important work. Harmonized processes facilitate training and capacity-building activities. This paper briefly describes opportunities to coordinate the ecological exposure/risk assessment process using accepted methods and tools and points out areas in which the work may be shared. It focuses specifically on readily-available, easy-to-use assessment simulation tools for carrying out aquatic and terrestrial pesticide ecological exposure/risk assessments. The following user-friendly, computer-based, tools are briefly described: 1. The Surface Water Simulation Model (SWSIM) is a simple, screening-level estimator of pesticide concentrations in surface water 2. EXPRESS (EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell) is a user-friendly, input/output shell to estimate pesticide exposure to aquatic wildlife using much more complex and sophisticated models 3. Terrestrial Risk Simulation Model (TERSIM) is a simple estimator of terrestrial ecological risk based on potential pesticide residues on avian and mammalian food items using the Fletcher-Kanaga (UTAB) data base 4. T-REX (Terrestrial Residue Exposure) model is a more complex, spreadsheet-based estimator of terrestrial ecological risk also based on potential pesticide residues on avian and mammalian food items using the Fletcher-Kanaga (UTAB) data base, and 5. Rice WQ is a pesticide environmental fate and transport, water quality model that estimates pesticide concentrations within and down-steam from single or multiple rice paddies.
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摘要 :
Pesticides are used throughout the world to protect agricultural crops and safeguard publichealth,but few national authorities have the capacity to routinely evaluate the potential ecological risk of using a new pesticidal product...
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Pesticides are used throughout the world to protect agricultural crops and safeguard publichealth,but few national authorities have the capacity to routinely evaluate the potential ecological risk of using a new pesticidal product. All countries benefit from having the capability to quickly perform a scientifically-based pesticide risk assessment, and formulate appropriate risk management measures prior to approving use. Harmonization of assessment methods and tools permits sharing of assessment costs among countries , and expands the range of expertise which can be devoted to this importantwork. Harmonized processes facilitate training and capacity-building activities. This paper briefly describes opportunities to coordinate the ecological exposure/risk assessment process using accepted methods and tools and points out areasin which the work may be shared. It focuses specifically on readily-available,easy-to-use assessment simulation tools for carrying out aquatic and terrestrial pesticide ecological exposure/risk assessments. The following user-friendly,computer-based,tools are briefly described;The Surface Water Simulation Model(SWSIM)is a simple,screening-level estimator of pesticide concentrations in surface water; EXPRESS(EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell)is a user-friendly,input/output shell to estimate pesticide exposure to aquatic wildlife using much more complex and sophisticated models; Terrestrial Risk Simulation Model (TERSIM) is a simple estimator of terrestrial ecological risk based on potential pesticide residues on avian and mammalian food items using the Fletcher-Kanaga(UTAB)data base; T-REXCTerrestrial Residue Exposure) model is a more complex, spreadsheet-based estimator of terrestrial ecological risk also based on potential pesticide residues on avian and mammalian food items using the Fletcher-Kanaga(UTAB)data base,and;RiceWQ is a pesticide environmental fate and transport, water quality model that estimatespesticide concentrations within and down-steam from single or multiple rice paddies.
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摘要 :
Pesticides are used throughout the world to protect agricultural crops and safeguard public health, but few national authorities have the capacity to routinely evaluate the potential ecological risk of using a new pesticidal p...
展开
Pesticides are used throughout the world to protect agricultural crops and safeguard public health, but few national authorities have the capacity to routinely evaluate the potential ecological risk of using a new pesticidal product. All countries benefit from having the capability to quickly perform a scientifically-based pesticide risk assessment, and formulate appropriate risk management measures prior to approving use. Harmonization of assessment methods and tools permits sharing of assessment costs among countries, and expands the range of expertise which can be devoted to this important work. Harmonized processes facilitate training and capacity-building activities. This paper briefly describes opportunities to coordinate the ecological exposure/risk assessment process using accepted methods and tools and points out areas in which the work may be shared. It focuses specifically on readily-available, easy-to-use assessment simulation tools for carrying out aquatic and terrestrial pesticide ecological exposure/risk assessments. The following user-friendly, computer-based, tools are briefly described: 1. The Surface Water Simulation Model (SWSIM) is a simple, screening-level estimator of pesticide concentrations in surface water 2. EXPRESS (EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell) is a user-friendly, input/output shell to estimate pesticide exposure to aquatic wildlife using much more complex and sophisticated models 3. Terrestrial Risk Simulation Model (TERSIM) is a simple estimator of terrestrial ecological risk based on potential pesticide residues on avian and mammalian food items using the Fletcher-Kanaga (UTAB) data base 4. T-REX (Terrestrial Residue Exposure) model is a more complex, spreadsheet-based estimator of terrestrial ecological risk also based on potential pesticide residues on avian and mammalian food items using the Fletcher-Kanaga (UTAB) data base, and 5. Rice WQ is a pesticide environmental fate and transport, water quality model that estimates pesticide concentrations within and down-steam from single or multiple rice paddies.
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摘要 :
A large amount of information relating to agrochemicals has been generated and residesnot only in the open literature but also in various government and industry files. A great dealof this information, which includes properties of...
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A large amount of information relating to agrochemicals has been generated and residesnot only in the open literature but also in various government and industry files. A great dealof this information, which includes properties of agrochemicals, risk assessments, regulatoryrequirements, Good Laboratory Practice, study protocols etc. is available on the Internet.However,the information is spread over many different web-sites and it is not always easy tofind. Currently there is also a lack of co-ordination to make this information readily availableto interested regulators and research scientists. Moreover, anybody can post information onthe Internet with no check as to whether it is correct or not. It is important,therefore,to ensure that any information found on the Internet comes from a reliable source and has a soundscientific basis. This is the focus of a current IUPAC Project which is aimed at providingguidance on how to make the best use of the extensive agrochemical resources available viathe Internet and to identify various sites where useful information,based on sound scientificprinciples,can be found.
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摘要 :
An effective chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium was isolated from an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer and identified as the genus Stenotrophomonas. The inoculation of the isolate (10 ...
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An effective chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium was isolated from an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer and identified as the genus Stenotrophomonas. The inoculation of the isolate (10 收起
摘要 :
An effective chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium was isolated from an Organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer and identified as the genus Stenotrophomonas. The inoculation of the isolate (10~6cells/g)to soil treated with 100 mg/kg c...
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An effective chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium was isolated from an Organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer and identified as the genus Stenotrophomonas. The inoculation of the isolate (10~6cells/g)to soil treated with 100 mg/kg chlorpyrifos resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils. The gene encoding the Organophosphorus hydrolase was cloned from the strain andexpressed in E. coli. Sequence blast analysis indicated that it has 98. 5% similar to methyl parathionhydrolase(MPH). Furthermore, MPH was displayed on the cell surface using N-and C-terminal domains of the ice nucleation protein(INPNC) from P. syringae as an anchoring motif. A shuttle vectorpINCM coding for INPNC-MPH was constructed and used to target MPH onto the surface of P. putida JS444,overcoming the potential substrate uptake limitation. Over 90% of the MPH activity waslocated on the cell surface as determined by cell fractionation experiments. The surface localization ofthe INPNC-MPH fusion was further verified by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. The engineered P. putida JS444 degraded organophosphates(OPs)as well as p-nitrophenol(PNP) rapidly. Functional expression of mpd gene in multiple hosts makes it a promising candidatefor OP detoxification.
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摘要 :
An effective chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium was isolated from an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer and identified as the genus Stenotrophomonas. The inoculation of the isolate (10 ...
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An effective chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterium was isolated from an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer and identified as the genus Stenotrophomonas. The inoculation of the isolate (10 收起
摘要 :
We constructed a genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) that can degrade organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), emit green fluorescence, and commit suicide on conditions. We designed two compatible plasmids and transformed t...
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We constructed a genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) that can degrade organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), emit green fluorescence, and commit suicide on conditions. We designed two compatible plasmids and transformed them in one host. The green fluorescence character and the capability for degrading OPs were achieved by cloning the genes of EGFP and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) in the multiple cloning sites of plasmid pBV220. Thus, the fusion gene of EGFP and OPH, which was at the downstream of lambda P<,L> promoter, could be expressed freely as long as the GEM was metabolized. The efficient containment system was based on the conditional expression of a lethal gene that is extracellular nuclease gene of Serratia marcescens. The leadercoding sequence of the nuclease gene was deleted and the residual fragment was put under the control of the T7 promoter. The suicide cassette was placed in duplicate within a plasmid and responded to the presence of environmental signals arabinose. The containment system could be turned on in the presence of arabinose.
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摘要 :
We constructed a genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) that can degrade organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), emit green fluorescence, and commit suicide on conditions. We designed two compatible plasmids and transformed t...
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We constructed a genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) that can degrade organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), emit green fluorescence, and commit suicide on conditions. We designed two compatible plasmids and transformed them in one host. The green fluorescence character and the capability for degrading OPs were achieved by cloning the genes of EGFP and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) in the multiple cloning sites of plasmid pBV220. Thus, the fusion gene of EGFP and OPH, which was at the downstream of lambda P<,L> promoter, could be expressed freely as long as the GEM was metabolized. The efficient containment system was based on the conditional expression of a lethal gene that is extracellular nuclease gene of Serratia marcescens. The leadercoding sequence of the nuclease gene was deleted and the residual fragment was put under the control of the T7 promoter. The suicide cassette was placed in duplicate within a plasmid and responded to the presence of environmental signals arabinose. The containment system could be turned on in the presence of arabinose.
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摘要 :
We constructed a genetically engineered microorganisms (OEMs) that can degrade organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) , emit green fluorescence, and commit suicide on conditions. We designed two compatible plasmids and transformed them...
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We constructed a genetically engineered microorganisms (OEMs) that can degrade organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) , emit green fluorescence, and commit suicide on conditions. We designed two compatible plasmids and transformed them in one host. The green fluorescence characterand the capability for degrading OPs were achieved by cloning the genes of EGFP and organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH) in the multiple cloning sites of plasmid pBV220. Thus, the fusion gene ofEGFP and OPH, which was at the downstream of lambda P_L promoter,could be expressed freely aslong as the GEM was metabolized. The efficient containment system was based on the conditionalexpression of a lethal gene that is extracellular nuclease gene of Serratia marcescens. The leadercoding sequence of the nuclease gene was deleted and the residual fragment was put under the control of the T7 promoter. The suicide cassette was placed induplicate within a plasmid and respondedto the presence of environmental signals arabinose. The containment system could be turned on inthe presence of arabinose.
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